كليدواژه فارسي :
آب مجازي , بهره وري آب , تجارت آب مجازي , محصولات كشاورزي , شاخصهاي منابع آب
كليدواژه لاتين :
Agricultural products , Virtual water , Virtual water trade , Water productivity , Water resources indicators
چكيده انگليسي :
Inappropriate temporal and spatial distribution of the precipitation and
insufficient water resources in the country, particularly in arid and semi-arid
regions such as Yazd and Fars provinces, have made the water resources
management as an important issue. In this case, there was low consideration for hidden water of the agricultural products or the virtual water that enters in the region with commercial trades, or exits from it. Water consumption in various stages of a production, is named virtual water that is stored in the product. Intrastate virtual water trade could solve many problems in water sector with lower costs. In this study, Fars and Yazd provinces were assessed in view point of the virtual water of the main agricultural products in farm (wheat, maize, barley and cotton) and garden (citrus fruits, pistachio, date and pomegranate), during 2007 to 2012. At first, the CropWat model was used to determine crop water requirement. Based on the results, the average water requirements of the wheat, maize, barley, cotton, citrus fruits, pistachio, date and pomegranate over 6 years, were 4918.5, 4980.0, 3745.5, 3256.0, 9302.0, 6800.0, 12860.0, 12750.0 m3/ha in Fars province, and 6123.5, 5952.2, 4275.6, 4225.2, 10200.0, 8500.4, 14095.0, 13384.0 m3/ha in Yazd province, respectively. Furthermore, the average virtual water of the garden products (pistachio and date) were higher than the field crops in both provinces. The efficiency of the irrigation in farms and gardens were 50 persent. Results also showed that Fars and Yazd provinces were exporter and importer of the virtual water during study years, respectively. Fars and Yazd provinces had about 95% and 70% self-sufficiency to provide needed food, respectively. Also, they were dependent about 5 and 30% on water resources of the other provinces. According to the results, the average of the water stress indicator and water use intensity were 78.5% and 77.0% in Fars and 74.3% and 73.0% in Yazd province, respectively over 6 years. These results showed a severe shortage of the water resources in two provinces and high intensity of the water use in their agricultural sector.
