كليدواژه فارسي :
خصوصيات رشدي , سديم , شوري , كلر
كليدواژه لاتين :
Growth characterization , Sodium , Salinity , Chlorine
چكيده :
چكيده
انار (Punica granatum L.) يك گونه گياهي تجاري مهم از خانواده Punicaceae، مي¬باشد. انار به¬صورت گسترده در مناطق خشك و نيمه¬خشك ايران، مناطقي كه تحت تاثير شوري عظيم هستند، كشت-وكار مي¬شود. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش، شناسايي و معرفي متحمل¬ترين رقم انار به شوري آب آبياري بود. طي يك آزمايش گلداني در يك دوره نه ماهه ارزيابي و مقايسه تحمل به شوري پنج رقم انار در سال¬هاي 97-1396 صورت گرفت. آزمايش به¬صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با دو فاكتور 1- شوري آب آبياري در پنج سطح 1، 3، 5، 7 و 9 دسي¬زيمنس¬بر متر و 2- رقم انار در پنج سطح ("شيشه-كپ فردوس"، "ملس¬ساوه"، "ملس¬يزدي"، "گلنار سروستان" و "وحشي بابلسر") و با چهار تكرار و در مجموع 100 گلدان انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد كه رقم و سطح شوري اثر معني¬داري بر صفات مورفولوژيك، فيزيولوژيك و غلظت عناصر غذايي داشتند. در تمامي ارقام مورد مطالعه با افزايش سطح شوري، شاخص¬هاي رشدي، محتوي آب نسبي برگ و ميزان كلروفيل كاهش و درصد برگ¬هاي نكروزه و ريزش-يافته افزايش يافت. همچنين با افزايش سطح شوري ميزان سديم، كلر و نسبت سديم به پتاسيم به¬طور معني-داري افزايش يافت. در بالاترين سطح شوري (9 دسي¬زيمنس¬برمتر) بيشترين ميزان شاخص¬هاي رشدي، وزن تر و خشك برگ، برگ سبز، محتواي نسبي آب، كلروفيل و پتاسيم و كمترين ميزان برگ نكروزه، غلظت سديم، كلر و نسبت سديم به پتاسيم در رقم "ملس¬يزدي" حاصل شد. به¬طور كلي در ميان ارقام مورد بررسي "ملس¬يزدي" و "ملس¬ساوه" به¬ترتيب متحمل¬ترين و كم تحمل¬ترين رقم به شوري بودند.
چكيده انگليسي :
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), from the family Punicaceae. Pomegranate has been widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, areas frequently affected by high salinity. The aim of present study was identify and introduce the most-tolerant Iranian cultivars of ornamental pomegranate to different salinity levels of irrigation water. A pot experiment was conducted during a nine-months period in order to evaluate and compare the salinity tolerance of five Iranian commercial, wild and ornamental cultivars of pomegranate in years 2017-2018. Experiment was arranged in a factorial based on completely randomized design with two factors included water salinity in 5 levels of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dSm-1 and five pomegranate cultivars (1. ‘Shidhe cap Ferdos’, 2. ‘Malas Saveh’ 3. ‘Malas Yazdi’ 4. ‘Golnar Sarvestan’ 5. ‘Vahshi Babolsar’) in 4 replications and totally 100 pots. The properties concerned during the experiment were vegetative growth, the fallen, chlorosis and green of leaves. In the end of the experiment the vegetative yield and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, ion leakage, relative water content, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were also measured. In addition, leaves were analyzed for elements such as Na+, K+, Cl– and Na/K ratio. According to the results, cultivar and salinity level showed significant effect on morphological and physiological charachteristics and nutient elements levels. with increasing of salinity levels in all investigated cultivars, growth characteristics, relative water content of leaves, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll significantly decreased, ion leakage, leaf necrosis and falldown, significantly increased. Also with increasing of salinity levels Na+, Cl- and Na+/Cl- significantly increased. The highest final plant height (45.22 cm), increased height (12.37 cm), final diameter (3.94 cm), fresh (11.06 g) and dry (5.53 g) weight of root and leaf area were obtained in salinity levels of 3 dS.m-1 in ‘Malas Yazdi’. The maximum increased stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoots were obtained in salinity levels of 3 and 5 dS.m-1 in Chah Afzal’. The lowest percentage of Na+ (0.08%) was obtained in ‘Malas Yazdi’ in salinity level of 1 dS.m-1. The highest amount of K+ (1.29%) and lowest of Cl- (0.16%) and was obtained in salinity level of 9 and 1 dS.m-1 in ‘Vahsi Babolsar’ respectively. In the highest level of salinity (9 dS.m-1) the maximum growth indexes, fresh and dry weight of leaves, green leaves, RWC, cholorophyll and potassium and the lowest percentage of necrotic leaves, Na+, Cl-1 concentration and Na+/Cl- were obtained in ‘Malas Yazdi’. Generally among all studied cultivars, ‘Malas Yazdi’ and ‘Malas Saveh’ were the most and lowest tolerant cultivars to the salinity.
