Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), belongs to the pumpkin family, is an annual plant and is one of the most important vegetables in Iran and the world. Meloidone sp. nematodes are one of the most important nematodes causing damage to greenhouse, agricultural and garden products. Due to the pesticidal properties of the extracts and products of many plants, they can be used to control pests and plant diseases, these plant materials are easy to prepare and safe, and they are environmentally friendly. This study was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design and in four replications and the effect of aqueous extracts of five types of plants (Ferula, bitter olive, savory, tagetes, roselle) on tuber producing nematode in greenhouse cucumber, the effect of these extracts in the laboratory environment on nematode larvae and eggs were investigated in the greenhouse on nematode pathogenicity, and in third section, plant extracts were tested on the activity of defensive enzymes (total protein, catalase and peroxidase) in cucumber plants. According to the results, all the investigated treatments caused a significant increase in larval mortality at 24 and 48 hours after the experiment. Tagetes, among the studied extracts, showed the highest percentage of larvae mortality in the first 24 hours, in all concentrations. In the second 24 hours (48 hours), all concentrations of tagetes extract (0, 5, 15, 25 and 50%) had the greatest effect on the mortality of nematode larvae compared to other extracts. that the concentrations of 50 and 25% caused the death of 100 and 82.5% of nematode larvae. Despite the acceptable nematicidal effect of all the investigated extracts, the effect of the aqueous extract of parsley flower and then the extract of Ferula on the death of nematode larvae was much more significant than other extracts. The highest percentage of inhibition of nematode egg hatching was observed at 50% concentration of different extracts, and the highest inhibition was related to tagetes extract with 90% inhibition, Ferula extract with 73.50% inhibition, bitter olive extract with 67.52% inhibition and Sour tea with inhibition was 65.21%. In the greenhouse, after 45 days, the effect of different levels of plant extracts on the two factors of gall index and the number of second instar larvae per 200 grams of soil was eva‎luated. All used treatments significantly reduced the number of larvae in the soil compared to the control (348 larvae). The lowest number of larvae among the applied treatments was related to the concentration of 100% tagetes extract with the number of 41.67 larvae. The highest numerical value of gall index, after the control, was related to the concentration of 25% bitter olive extract, whose numerical value was 4.67 without any difference with the control, the smallest gall index was showed in the treatment of 75% tagetes extract with a numerical value of 1.67. The results of measuring the amount of protein showed that the highest amount of protein was related to the concentration of 100% of tagetes extract with nematodes (on the fifteenth day) at a protein level of 1.99 mg/liter, and then the concentration of 75% of the extract with nematodes to The amount was 1.63 mg. The highest level of peroxidase enzyme activity was observed in 100% concentration of tagetes extract with nematode, at the rate of 3.39 ΔOD/Min/mg protein. The highest activity level of catalase enzyme was observed in 100% concentration of tagetes extract with nematode, at 34.5ΔOD/Min/mg protein, and among the days of sampling, the highest activity level of both catalase peroxidase enzymes was observed on the 15th day. According to the results, Tagetes patula extract and Ferula assa-foetida L blue extract, both in laboratory tests and in the greenhouse, had a favorable nematicidal effect compared to the extracts of other studied plants, so they can be used as safe control agents. introduced an environmentally friendly product with high anti-nematode effect

3/4/2023 12:00:00 AM

528

HS55

سميه اشرف