كليدواژه فارسي :
زنا , احصان , فرج , قاعده درأ , قاعده احتياط در دماء
كليدواژه لاتين :
continence , Genital organs , insulting , Base shiel , The rule of caution in bloods
چكيده :
مقنّن در كتاب حدود قانون مجازات اسلامي مصوّب 1392 پس از تعريف احصان و شرايط آن در ماده 226 و مواردي كه در خصوص خروج فرد از اين شرايط در ماده227 ذكر شده است؛ چند سؤال مطرح مي¬شود. نخست اين¬كه منظور مقنّن از لفظ هر وقت بخواهد در بند الف، ماده226چيست؟ و چرا اين لفظ در بند ب، در خصوص زن بيان نشده است؟ پس اگر اعم بودن فرج در زنا مطرح است چرا در مواد ديگر قانون اختصاص به قُبُل دارد؟ و با ورود فرد به شروط مذكور در ماده 227 اين قانون احصان ساقط ميشود آيا مي¬توان شروط را مقيّد ساخت.
در ماده225 قانون مجازات اسلامي بعد از اثبات جرم زنا، مجازات زاني و زانيه محصن، حد رجم است. و در صورت عدم امكان رجم با پيشنهاد دادگاه صادر كننده حكم قطعي و موافقت رئيس قوّه¬ قضاييّه جرم اثبات شده با بيّنه را موجب اعدام زاني محصن و زانيه محصنه مي¬داند! يعني تبديل حد رجم به اعدام كه ظاهراً بحث موهون شمردن دين، باعث تغيير حد به اعدام گرديده است. قانون¬گزار اثبات جرم را غير از طريق بيّنه، به صد ضربه شلاق تغيير داده، كه به عبارتي تبديل حدود انجام گرفته است!
البته برخي فقهاي عظام دلايلي ذكر كرده¬اند كه به نظر مي¬رسد، قانون¬گذار محترم بسته به آراء و نظرهاي ايشان در برخي موارد به مبدّل ساختن حدود الهي پرداخته است. اما اين¬كه زنا چيست و طبق چه موازيني به شمول احصان وارد و محكوم به چه نوع حدي مي¬شود؛ و راه حلي كه اسلام به نام متعه يا ازدواج موقّت بيان كرده¬ از جمله مسائلي است كه نگارنده سعي به پاسخ دادن آن در اين پژوهش، دارد.
در قانون مجازات اسلامي موارد گوناگوني از حكم اعدام وجود دارد كه با تغييراتي كه در سال 1392 به اين قانون وارد شد و بر جرايمي كه مستوجب مجازات مرگ است، افزود. اما با توجّه به اصل احتياط در دماء و قاعده درأ در موارد مشكوكي كه حكم رجم يا اعدام موجب سلب حيات شخص مي¬شود مطابق بر منابع اسلامي به عدم اجراي حكم مي¬انجامد. ليكن با در نظر گرفتن شرايط حاكم بر جوامع امروزي و شكسته شدن قبح عمل در برخي از خانواده¬ها كه بعضاً منجر به اشاعه فساد در جامعه مي¬شود، پيشنهاد تجديد نظر در ورود به شرايط احصان و اجراي مجازات زناي محصنه داده مي¬شود.
چكيده انگليسي :
The legislator in the book limit of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392, while defining adultery in Article 221 in a note of this article, states how to perform the act, which after examining the words of some jurists and the differences between them regarding the meaning of vulva or Assigning it to vagina has given the verdict that it is general.
After defining continence and its conditions in Article 226 and the cases that are mentioned in Article 227 regarding the departure of a person from these conditions; A few questions arise. First, what does the legislator mean by the word "whenever he wants" in paragraph a, Article 226? And why is this word not mentioned in paragraph b, concerning women? So, if being general of vulva is proposed in adultery, Why is it specific to vagina in other articles of the law? And the absolute conditions mentioned in Article 227 of this law, with the entry of a person into these conditions, lead to the fall of the state of being married or they can be restricted.
In Article 225 of the Islamic Penal Code, after proving the crime of adultery, the punishment for adultery and stoning is the limit of stoning. If stoning is not possible, upon the proposal of the court issuing the final verdict and the consent of the head of the judiciary, the crime proven by the reason, leading to the execution of the adulterer! That is, the conversion of stoning to death, which ostensibly the issue of insulting religion, has changed the limit to the death penalty. The legislator has changed the proof of the crime to one hundred lashes, except through evidence, which means that the limits have been changed!
Of course, some jurists have mentioned reasons that it seems that the legislator, in some cases, has changed the divine limits depending on their opinions and views.
But what is adultery and according to what criteria is it included in Ehsan and to what kind of hudood is it condemned? And the solution that Islam has expressed in the name of mut'ah or temporary marriage is one of the issues that the author tries to answer in this research.
There are various cases of the death penalty in the Islamic Penal Code, which were amended in 1392 and added to the crimes punishable by death.
Of course, some great jurists have mentioned reasons that it seems that the esteemed legislator has changed the divine limits in some cases, depending on their opinions and views. But what is adultery and according to what criteria, including continence, and to what extent is it condemned? And the solution that Islam has stated in the name of mut'ah or temporary marriage is one of the issues that the author tries to answer in this research.
However, considering the conditions prevailing in today's societies and breaking the ugliness of the practice in some families, which sometimes leads to the spread of corruption in society, a proposal is made to reconsider entering the conditions of the state of being married and enforcing the punishment of adultery.
