چكيده انگليسي :
Abarkuh cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis) is one of the oldest plants in the world. Because of many problems in reproductive propagation such as segregation and longtime of it, this study was conducted to improve tissue culture technique of this plant. Disinfection of explants was investigated by four concentrations of mercury chloride (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20%), four times (2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes) and four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in a factorial and completely randomize design with five replications. According to the results, the lowest percentage of infection in explants was obtained by 0.2% mercury chloride for five minutes in autumn and winter prepared explants. For establishment of explants different culture media (MS, 1/2MS, 3/4MS, MS without Ammonium ،MS with 1/2Nitrogen ،MS-Vitamin 1, MS-Vitamin 2, WPM and Modified WPM) and different concentrations of BA (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/l) in a factorial and completely randomize design with eight replications, were investigated. The lowest percentage of browning was observed in 1/2MS, 3/4MS, WPM and Modified WPM culture media and the maximum number and length of shoots was observed respectively in 1/2 MS and WPM media. The highest length of shoots was obtained in culture media contained 1 mg/l BA. For investigation the effect of different additives on browning of explants, five concentrations of carrot juice (0, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ml/l), four levels of turmeric (40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/l), four levels of cinnamon (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l) with one spoon (10 ml/l) of honey and honey (alone) and four levels of myoinositol (50, 60, 70 and 80 mg/l) in a completely randomize design with five replications, were investigated. The highest chlorophyll, number of shoots and the lowest of browning was obtained in media contained 100 ml/l carrot juice, 50 mg/l myoinositol and 125 ml/l carrot juice, respectively. In another experiment, effect of different levels of sucrose (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/l) and sugar (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 g/l) and their alternative potential in a completely randomize design with ten replications, was investigated. In comparison of sucrose and sugar, the maximum number of shoots was obtained in media contained 30 g/l sucrose. In establishment phase, investigation the effect of different concentrations of agar (6, 6.5, 7, 7.5 and 8 g/l) in a completely randomize design with ten replications on growth characteristics of plant showed that the highest shoot length and bud number in 6 and 7 g/l and the lowest percentage of browning in 6 and 6.5 g/l was obtained. The effect of different media and concentrations of BA in proliferation phase was investigated. Results showed that the highest length of shoots was obtained in WPM culture medium contained 2 mg/l BA. Effect of different culture media, pulse treatments and willow leaf extract on root induction was investigated. Only one of explants in WPM medium contained 5 mg/l IBA induced root.
