چكيده انگليسي :
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is native to Iran and is important in terms of commercial and historical value. Nowadays, climate changes and biological stresses are spreading and most pistachio growing areas have calcareous and sodium soils. Therefore, the country's pistachio industry requires solutions to ensure the stability, productivity and quality of pistachios. For this purpose, the effect of foliar spraying of seaweed extract along with iron and zinc chelate on growth and performance indicators of Akbari pistachio cultivar was evaluated. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the orchard of Moghar region located in Ardestan county. The treatments include foliar application of three levels of seaweed extract (0, 1.5 and 2.5 /1000), three levels of iron chelate (0, 1.5 and 2.5 /1000) and three levels of zinc chelate (0, 1.5 and 2.5 /1000).The results showed that 2.5/1000 seaweed extract treatment had the greatest effect on vegetative traits (leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, branch length and diameter, chlorophyll and relative leaf water content), and reproductive traits (flowering, fruit set, yield, cluster weight, number of nuts per cluster, fresh weight and dry 100 nuts with shell and without shell, fresh and dry weight of hull, ounce, kernal weight, percentage of blank, open shell, and misshape nuts). Treatment of 2.5/1000 seaweed extract increased the concentration of some elements in the leaf such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. In general, 2.5/1000 iron treatment had the best effect on vegetative and reproductive traits, and increased the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese elements and decreased the amount of sodium in the leaf. Also, 1.5 /1000 zinc treatment increased chlorophyll indexes, the percentage of early splitting, and the concentration of iron, zinc and manganese elements. 2.5 /1000 zinc chelate increased the length of the branch, the number of nuts per cluster and the percentage of splitting nuts, and the number of nuts per ounce, the percentage of misshape and non splitting decreased. The results of this experiment showed that the interaction effect of seaweed extract with iron chelate as the best interaction in improving the traits of vegetative branch length, flowering, weight of 100 nuts, kernel weight, ounce, non splitting, increasing the ratio of potassium to sodium and the concentration of calcium, zinc and manganese elements were effective. The interaction effect of seaweed extract with zinc chelate also had a positive effect on improving traits fruit set, relative water content of leaf and increasing the concentration of iron and manganese elements. In addition to these traits, cluster fresh weight, vegetative branch length and concentration of nitrogen, iron and manganese elements increased due to the interaction of iron chelate and zinc chelate. Also, as a result of the triple interaction of seaweed extract with iron and zinc chelate, it significantly increased the leaf area index, relative water content of leaf, flowering and splitting percentage. The triple interaction had the greatest effect on increasing the splitting percentage and decreasing the non splitting and misshape pistachios. It can be concluded that the effect of foliar spraying of seaweed extract alone is beneficial on most of the growth and performance traits of pistachio cv. Akbari, but some traits are more productive under the interaction effect of seaweed extract with iron and zinc chelate.
